Imam Kamil Mufti and Saleh al-Aayed have written a detailed collection in a series discussing the rights of Non-Muslims in Islam:

Part 1: An Islamic Basis

The tenets of the religion which ensure the general rights of non-Muslims in Islam.

Part 2: Non-Muslim Residents

The types of non-Muslim societies in an Islamic nation, and an introduction to general rights of non-Muslims in Islam.

Part 3: Right to Preservation of Dignity as Human Beings I

The right of non-Muslims to preservation of their human dignity with discussion of historical precedents and textual evidence.

Part 4: Right to Preservation of Dignity as Human Beings II

Continued…The right of non-Muslims to preservation of their human dignity with discussion of historical precedents and textual evidence.

Part 5: The Right to Freedom of Belief I

Islam gives members of other faiths the right to practice their faiths.  A historical analysis of Islamic principle of ‘No compulsion in religion.’

Part 6: The Right to Freedom of Belief II

Continued…Islam gives members of other faiths the right to practice their faiths.  A historical analysis of Islamic principle of ‘No compulsion in religion.’

Part 7: The Right to Follow Their Religious Laws

The right of non-Muslims to follow their own laws and are not under compulsion to follow Islamic Law.

Part 8: The Right to Justice I

Examples of Islamic justice towards non-Muslims and justice as a right.

Part 9: The Right to Justice II

Further examples of Islamic justice towards non-Muslims and justice as a right.

Part 10: Security of Life, Property, and Honor

Protection of life, property, and honor of non-Muslims under Islamic Law.

Part 11: Good Treatment

Receiving good treatment is the right of a non-Muslim under Islam, not just a matter of courtesy.

Part 12: Social Security

Poor and needy non-Muslims have the right to social security under Islamic Law.  Examples from history where non-Muslims were provided from the public treasury.

Part 13: Protection from Foreign Aggression

The right of non-Muslims to be protected against outside aggression in return for paying jizya.

Recommended Reading:

Should Muslims Obey the Laws of non-Muslim Countries They Live In?

What Does Islam Teach About Justice?

Justice and Fairness for All in Islam

Rights of Foreign Nationals in Islamic Countries

Crime and Punishment in Islam

What a Billion Muslims Really Think (Video Documentary based on Gallup Poll done around the world)

“Evolution of Fiqh by Sheik Bilal Philips” - Free Ebook Download

Understanding Shariah